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\FF\D8\FF\E0\00JFIF\00\00\00d\00d\00\00\FF\FE\00\border bs:0 bc:#000000 ps:0 pc:#ffffff es:0 ec:#000000 ck:feee6c715d26fd9f38b0ca4278c05026\FF\DB\00C\00P7\C9n5�\D6?\BD�\9Ds\EBp\9F[`8m\B7)o\B5\E8\E6I\99\FE3]]A2\BA\8Cw\D6E\93\\DEv\C8\009\F2\F1NI?uc\\F5\EA\96k\xN<~buv\EA\C8\D7 \8B\84\CEcxI\BBg\AE\9E=\D6+n\EC\80\C8A\8C\AE\EB\CF\D5\DA\E9"2\A4\B9j5\EB\F3W\B63\96\B30Yu\DA\FC8\ED\DF\E7Ms\FB\F1\8E\B3\FA\EA\E8\E6(\883zs\F2_\8DFk\8Bh \00\8C\DCw\D3R\B5+6X\BA\B2\C4j\AB0\B4\FCMw\C2I\8E\9B\E3\A9~9u\FA\D3l\80\C8%p\EE\FDn2� \00$\FEj\C4e\A9\DB\~\95\A7\A5\80EK\BB\8DDsP\00@@AD'k\CF\E8\DB\D2(\80\9AK\D3\85\D6lb\F2\BA\8C*\80\00)\95 59\A3R:\F3\CE"\B6\80\88\00\00i1u4�\E9\F2�\A6\A2\FACM\93WMb*\E0*\00\00\00\00\00(\A8\80\00\00\80\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\FF\D9 C/// .. image:: http://www.attrs.org/en/latest/_static/attrs_logo.png :alt: attrs Logo ====================================== ``attrs``: Classes Without Boilerplate ====================================== .. image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/attrs/badge/?version=stable :target: http://www.attrs.org/en/stable/?badge=stable :alt: Documentation Status .. image:: https://travis-ci.org/python-attrs/attrs.svg?branch=master :target: https://travis-ci.org/python-attrs/attrs :alt: CI Status .. image:: https://codecov.io/github/python-attrs/attrs/branch/master/graph/badge.svg :target: https://codecov.io/github/python-attrs/attrs :alt: Test Coverage .. teaser-begin ``attrs`` is the Python package that will bring back the **joy** of **writing classes** by relieving you from the drudgery of implementing object protocols (aka `dunder `_ methods). Its main goal is to help you to write **concise** and **correct** software without slowing down your code. .. -spiel-end- For that, it gives you a class decorator and a way to declaratively define the attributes on that class: .. -code-begin- .. code-block:: pycon >>> import attr >>> @attr.s ... class SomeClass(object): ... a_number = attr.ib(default=42) ... list_of_numbers = attr.ib(default=attr.Factory(list)) ... ... def hard_math(self, another_number): ... return self.a_number + sum(self.list_of_numbers) * another_number >>> sc = SomeClass(1, [1, 2, 3]) >>> sc SomeClass(a_number=1, list_of_numbers=[1, 2, 3]) >>> sc.hard_math(3) 19 >>> sc == SomeClass(1, [1, 2, 3]) True >>> sc != SomeClass(2, [3, 2, 1]) True >>> attr.asdict(sc) {'a_number': 1, 'list_of_numbers': [1, 2, 3]} >>> SomeClass() SomeClass(a_number=42, list_of_numbers=[]) >>> C = attr.make_class("C", ["a", "b"]) >>> C("foo", "bar") C(a='foo', b='bar') After *declaring* your attributes ``attrs`` gives you: - a concise and explicit overview of the class's attributes, - a nice human-readable ``__repr__``, - a complete set of comparison methods, - an initializer, - and much more, *without* writing dull boilerplate code again and again and *without* runtime performance penalties. This gives you the power to use actual classes with actual types in your code instead of confusing ``tuple``\ s or `confusingly behaving `_ ``namedtuple``\ s. Which in turn encourages you to write *small classes* that do `one thing well `_. Never again violate the `single responsibility principle `_ just because implementing ``__init__`` et al is a painful drag. .. -testimonials- Testimonials ============ **Amber Hawkie Brown**, Twisted Relea